International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation

History:-

In today’s advocacy spotlight, there’s a resounding call for action against Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), underscored by the acknowledgment that culture is ever-evolving. This movement champions the rights of women and girls, emphasizing the urgent need to abolish such harmful practices. The risks associated with FGM are profound, impacting not only physical health but also perpetuating violence against women and girls globally.

According to Every Woman, Every Child, FGM isn’t confined to specific regions—it’s a universal issue found in various parts of Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and even Latin America. Shockingly, reports reveal a threefold increase in cases within the United States since 1990, highlighting the alarming prevalence of this practice. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that millions of women have undergone FGM, with millions more at risk each year.

Despite its long history, the World Health Organization remains optimistic, stating that with concerted efforts, FGM could be eradicated within a single generation. This news serves as a rallying cry to raise awareness and take decisive steps toward ending this harmful practice once and for all.

Activism:-

In a remarkable turn of events, the fight against Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) has seen significant strides. In 1993, UNICEF’s modest $100,000 budget fell short amidst FGM’s widespread impact on over 100 million girls. However, spurred by Equality Now’s global campaign, UNICEF responded with a substantial increase to $91 million to combat FGM.

Fast forward to February 6, 2003, when Stella Obasanjo, Nigeria’s First Lady, boldly declared “Zero Tolerance to FGM” in Africa. This momentous proclamation at an Inter-African Committee conference led the UN Sub-Commission on Human Rights to designate this day as an international awareness day.

Youth activists have also played a pivotal role. Students from Integrate Bristol, led by Fahma Mohamed, courageously confronted FGM, petitioning authorities and even engaging directly with practitioners. In 2014, Fahma Mohamed’s Change.org petition garnered over 230,000 supporters, prompting UK Education Secretary Michael Gove to address FGM in school guidelines for the first time, marking a significant step in safeguarding against this harmful practice.

Health risks

In the short term, 

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) can lead to severe pain, excessive bleeding, shock, genital   swelling, and a range of infections including HIV. Complications may also include urination issues and impaired wound healing, with potential fatal outcomes like tetanus or hemorrhage. Psychologically, FGM often induces trauma.

Over the long term, 

FGM survivors may endure ongoing pain, urinary problems, and menstrual difficulties. Physical effects may include keloids, HIV, obstetric fistula, and heightened risks during childbirth. Psychologically, PTSD, anxiety, and depression can persist. Additionally, chronic infections, sexual health complications, and obstetric difficulties such as increased chances of difficult labor or Cesarean section are common consequences of FGM.

Legislation

In the global fight against Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), significant legislative milestones have been achieved. In the United States, the enactment of 18 U.S. Code § 116, known as the “Female Genital Mutilation” law, criminalizes the practice of FGM within the country and prohibits the transportation of girls out of the U.S. for the purpose of undergoing FGM.

A pivotal moment in U.S. history occurred in 1996 with the case of Fauziya Kassindja, a 17-year-old who fled Togo to escape FGM and forced marriage. Her successful asylum plea set a precedent, recognizing FGM as a form of gender-based persecution and enabling women at risk to seek asylum in the U.S. Subsequently, this case spurred the passing of federal legislation against FGM.

Addressing the concerning practice of “vacation cutting,” where girls are taken abroad for FGM procedures, the Girls’ Protection Act (H.R. 5137) was introduced in 2010 by Congressman Joseph Crowley and Congresswoman Mary Bono Mack. This bipartisan effort aimed to close loopholes allowing such practices.

Internationally, 2012 marked a significant year for FGM activism. The United Nations observed February 6th as the International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation, emphasizing awareness campaigns and concrete actions against the practice. Additionally, the U.S. introduced the “U.S. Strategy to Prevent and Respond to Gender-Based Violence Globally,” recognizing FGM as a form of violence against women and girls.

Numerous countries where FGM is prevalent, including Burkina Faso, Egypt, Nigeria, and Somalia, have implemented legislation or taken steps to address FGM-related harm to children. These legislative efforts underscore a global commitment to eradicating FGM and protecting the rights and well-being of women and girls worldwide.

CONCLUSION

As we mark the International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation, it’s crucial to reflect on the progress made and the challenges that remain in eradicating this harmful practice. From legislative victories to grassroots activism, efforts to end FGM have gained momentum worldwide. Yet, millions of women and girls still face the threat of FGM, highlighting the ongoing need for education, advocacy, and support. On this day, let us reaffirm our commitment to protecting the rights and dignity of every individual, and redouble our efforts towards achieving a world free from the scourge of Female Genital Mutilation.